This case study provides an overview of research actors, knowledge producers and consumers in South Sudan. It provides entry points for research funders to strengthen the research sector in South Sudan and the exchange between science and policy for sustainable development. In order for the South Sudan knowledge ecosystem to turn into a more enabling environment, structural and financial inputs are needed: Predictable and long-term funding hubs or start-up grants could be created, which target academic research. Further recommendations to strengthen the knowledge ecosystem in South Sudan circle around financing PhD programs, skills training and – importantly – invest in research infrastructure such as libraries and digital platforms.